THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY

The theory of relativity by Einstein was basically published in two different parts which were named as Special theory of relativity and General theory of relativity. The Special theory of relativity was first published by Einstein in 1905. When I first heard about these things I really thought that the special theory of relativity might published later because I knew that 'General' means something which is very 'Basic'. So it must be published later according to my point of view but my point of view wasn't right then after a time I came to know about these matter that what actually 'Special' and 'General' meant. So actually Special theory of relativity is named as special because it apply to a special case in which gravity is not taken into consideration. In this theory Einstein was interested in defining the relation between the different frame of references. The Special theory of relativity depends upon the two basic facts that:-

No body can go faster than the speed of light

The laws of physics are same for every particular space and time for each and every situation in the inertial frame of references

These are the two main principles of relativity and it also deal with the fact that how the space and  time relates to each other and it also consist of a factor which is known as Lorentz factor

    

COOL........

Albert Einstein's explanation to the curvature

Albert Einstein's explanation to the curvature 
After the introduction of his theory of special relativity in 1905 Einstein wants to understand the concept of Gravitation in more basic way so he decided to read the Princpia Mathematicia so that he would find the true reason of Gravity.But unfortunately Einstein didn't find the reason of gravitation. So he decided to generalize the concept more deeply and use his brilliant brain to pop out a reason of gravitation. For this he required some advanced mathematics which so that it will apply to his physical assumption. Then he found Riemann' s explanation and curvature mathematics which really shocked him. Riemann did every thing right in the mathematics of curvature but didn't had a physical explanation towards it. That's made a golden chance to Einstein to publish his theory of general theory of relativity
So his explanation was that the every mass creates a distortion in the curvature. He said that space is something like a stretched membrane which allows to stretch itself when any sort of mass came in contact with it

MANIFOLDS

Riemann's curvature and manifold are those things which at first site puzzled and shocked everyone. That time of Riemann the interest of everyone in Hyperspace grows really well and they want something which clarify the entire Physical and Mathematical properties. Riemann introduced manifolds which were nothing more than the collection of points which can be in three or more dimensions. His analysis towards the curvatures was very general and beautiful. He thought about a simple triangle which we all know is an object of two dimension. He took that two dimensional object and thought about the changes it holds when it is made upon a sphere. He observe the change that the sum of the angle of the triangle would be greater than 180 degrees he named such manifold as the positive manifold which raises the fundamental Euclid's laws and named as negative manifolds in which the sum in less than 180 degrees. His such Mathematical discoveries really thrilled the world and it is a fact that Einstein General theory of relativity would never be succeed if didn't study the Riemann mathematics because the entire mathematics he used in his GTR was of Riemann. And he was succeeded in finding a physical meaning of that curvature.

Manifolds

Riemann's Mathematics

As there were many great scientist and mathematicians who were very popular and well known at that time. One of them is a very genius student of Gauss namely Riemann. He was one of those mathematician who develop such a prominent theories that made a acoustic bench mark in the field of mathematics. Riemann also have some interesting incidences which proves that he was too as genius as his mentor Gauss was.One of the older time when Riemann was in school his eagerness towards mathematics was very high and he wants to introduce something new to the mathematics. One of his school teacher that's why just gave him a book on maths which was over 500 pages long but the interest lead everything to the back. Riemann not only completed but mastered the book in just three days. That was probably the first time when people realize about his true caliber. That era of Mathematics comprises a new thing of extra dimensions. People were really eager about a true explanations of these extra dimension and they want a complete mathematical and a physical explanation
This lead Gauss to gave challenge to his students and especially the Riemann. So he decided to organize a Debate in which he gave Riemann a task to speak about the ALGEBRA OF HIGHER DIMENSIONS.This made Riemann more excited and he take a lot time by the way in his work gave an astounding speech which every one. His theory is all about a sophisticated study on curvatures which we now known as Riemann curvature

Mathematics is the language of the Universe

The mathematics is one of those old subject which fascinates many scientists, philosophers, physicists and there are a lot discoveries made by them to make this subject more beautiful and attractive. A very known name in this field of mathematical discoveries goes to Sir Issac Newton. He was the first to develop a very famous mathematical tool - THE CALCULUS which now become one the imseparable part of a Mathematician and a Physicist even I daily use calculus to solve a numerous of problems. The discovery of this concept is one the most prominent bench mark in the life of Mathematics. A number of doors opened after the invention of calculus. The invention of calculus allows us to calculate the nature of curves figures which are not so symmetric and compact.
One of such great mathematician after Newton was Known as Gauss simply however his full name is Carl Fried rich Gauss his geniusness was first caught when he was in class 5th when his teacher told him to sum all the numbers from 1 to 100. the teacher shocked when Gauss with in few minutes gave the answer and when his teacher ask him about his technique then he showed him

Newton vs Leibniz

Some yrs after inventing calculus in he decided to publish his work on mathematics which was totally about the calculus. He divided the calculus in two basic parts the first is 'Differential calculus' and the second is 'Integral calculus'. This introduction of these new concepts change the world of mathematics entirely. However his introduction of calculus was protested by Leibniz who was too a mathematician. He claimed that Newton stole his work on calculus. He argued that he was the first who developed calculus not the Newton. At those times there were no such sort of court, government so the case of Leibniz was taken under the 'Royal Society' which was established by royal peoples of that time. Interesting point in the story is not that the case was sent to the royal society the interesting fact is that the Head of that royal society was Newton himself. Actually with the majestic discovery of Calculus made him the Head of the society. So it usual that the decision would not be in the favor of Leibniz. For a long time the case go on and this period unfortunately Leibniz died and Newton was given the credit to inventing the calculus

THE MAN OF GRAVITATION

As the name suggest that this article is all about sir Issac Newton, the man who introduced a new concept to us which reveal a numerous of situations that brought many of the great Physicists, Philosophers, Mathematicians into a great trouble. The concept he developed known as Gravitation from which we all know very well ( I believe ). There is however a very famous story about Newton which describes how he let to start his study about gravitation. So the story most of we is that ' One day Newton was sitting under a tree in the park which was near by to his house. Suddenly an apple fall from the tree and hit Newton exactly to his head. A sudden wonderful thought came to his mind actually its a question which he asked to himself that why apple fall downwards from tree why it didn't went to the sky or some where else.
So this was the story most of us know but the real story is that the Newton was one day in a happy jolly mood walking from a garden and was not sitting at all he went on and suddenly saw something which can be very common for a normal person but not for one who is very keen towards science. He saw a bird on the grass siting and eating something and then an apple fall upon it. Newton was observing the all scenario and suddenly saw the moon and ask a question to himself that 'Will the moon fall someday' and he start his study about the moon, its rotation , it movement around the earth. In the attempt of finding something new he invented his own mathematical tool 'THE CALCULUS'

The protest of Giordano Bruno against the cosmic model made everybody against him in the city. In the 16th century it was one of the prominent rule of the city or the whole world to not to go against the church and the astounding and old text of the Holy Bible. So when every time Bruno used to tell his story of the real cosmic model, he was always opposed by everyone and even jailed for a long time. But he didn’t quit about his story to more and more people and was finally fired in between the public. It was actually a cruel punishment given to anyone who attempt to go against the Holy Bible. 
However when the Galileo observed the space from his own made, he found something which was told by Giordano Bruno many year earlier than him

                                                           The Revolution
The rise of “Co pernicious” was itself a dramatic protest against Ptolemy’s theory of geocentric theory. According to co pernicious observation the theory of considering Earth at the center of the solar system was completely wrong. According to him the Sun is at the center of the solar system instead of Earth which is one of the petty planets of the solar system. He named his new theory as “Heliocentric theory.”
However the real protest against the geocentric theory was started by a philosopher and optimist whose name is unknown for many of us. But he was the first who actually describes a real picture of our mighty solar system. And that brilliant was ‘Giordano Bruno’. He was very fascinated about the subject of the cosmology. He even read the important and banned texts about the cosmos. One of those texts he attempt to read was buried inside the church. He didn’t however take care of that and caught by some of the Catholics. They all run behind him but was successful to escape. After reading the book unfinished he slept tiredly and saw a very interesting dream which enclosed the hidden picture of the solar system and beyond the solar system the universe. His picture solar system and the universe is exactly that picture what we know today

THE BEGINNING OF SOMETHING NEW

                                               

The beginning

SCENARIO OF PHYSICS·WEDNESDAY, 10 MAY 20171 read

From an ambitious thought of Ptolemy the study of Cosmology starts, where he told his idea upon the arrangement of planets in solar system. He gave a geocentric theory about the solar system where he describes about the position of planets in the Universe on the basis of his own thought. He boldly believes that the Earth is in the center of our solar system where all other planets including Sun and Moon revolves all around the mighty Earth. And for almost 50 yrs the wrong idea was in the bold consideration of every one. An another story of Aristotle came into my mind when I talk about the Bad Bold Idea, actually it was an evolutionary arena of growing interest of people about science. Aristotle was very famous about his statements that he gave to the scientific phenomenon no matter what type of science it is it can be physics, cosmology, biology, geology etc. But one his description about the revolution of moon around the earth really makes me laugh. He said that the moon revolves around the earth because the moon loves the earth. He was just mixing the law of attraction in Biology to the cosmology